Blog
What is Referencing?
It is necessary to acknowledge other people’s work or ideas when writing; hence, the sources used in your work must be referenced. This is usually done via an in-text citation within the body of a text that refers to work or ideas by others. Also, a complete reference list is provided at the end of the written materials of works or ideas taken from others.
AMS stands for American Meteorological Society style. The Department of Meteorology uses this style for citations. In this style, the names of journals are abbreviated.
The in-text citation includes the name of the author and the year of publication.
Example:
Okoroafor (2000) stated that.... or (Okoroafor, 2000).
NOTE: It is more advisable to paraphrase and not quote. It helps show that you have a good understanding of what you are writing. It is, however, necessary for you to include a citation.
For a work authored by a single person, here are some examples:
According to Ornamel (2020), one of...
Ornamel (2020) stated that...
Ornamel (2012, p. 9) argued that "the weather… "
For longer quotes
The atmosphere of the earth consists of a complex mixture of gases such as oxygen (O2) nitrogen (N2) and argon, with small, as well as varying amounts of water vapor (Ornamel, 2015, p.5)
When a pieace of work is authored by two or three people:
According to Okoroafor, Merlin and Sanwoolu (2015), one of...
Okoroafor and Sanwoolu(2018), believes ...
Okoroafor and Sanwoolu (2012, p. 9) argued that "the atmosphere of the earth…"
Atmospheric pressure refers to a measure of the force which the mass of atmosphere exerted on the surface at a particular location (Okoroafor, Merlin and Sanwoolu, 2015).
When a book is authored by more than three people: use ‘et al.,’
According to Okoroafor et al. (2019), one of...
Okoroafor et al. (2018), believes ...
Okoroafor et al. (2017, p. 19) argued that "Atmospheric pressure..."
Relative humidity can be described as the percentage of water vapour in the atmosphere which can be compared with the maximum amount of water vapour which the atmosphere could contain at that particular temperature (Okoroafor et al., 2017)
When a piece of work is authored by a company, use the company’s name.
(Askthemetereologist, 2022)
When the author’s name is missing, but the title of the materials exist, use that instead, but italicise it.
(A quick guide to AMS referencing, 2022)
When there is no date included in a source, use the author’s name or company’s name only.
(Okoroafor)
(Askthemetereologist)
Allocate alphabets such as a, b, c, etc, after the year
(Wickett, 2019a, p. 149)
Write the name of the author(s), and the appropriate dates separated using semicolons:
Okoroafor (2017; 2019) submitted that or (Okaforoafor, 2017; 2019).
Secondary Source – the author cited another author
The reference used should be stated, followed by 'cited in' and the original author:
Albeiro 2015 (cited in Santana, 2012, p. 99) or (Albeiro, 2015, cited in Santana, 2012, p.99).
It contains all the resources cited in between the written text sorted in alphabetical order with the surname. It usually starts with the name of the author (or title, if there is no author).
Surname and initials of author(s), | year: | title of book, | publisher | total pages.
For example:
Jordan, J. M., and P. V. Arab, 2003: War: A Never Win Situation. Middle-East Press, 500 pp.
Chapter in a book: Surname and initials of author(s) of the chapter, | year: | title of the chapter. | title of book, | name of editor(s), | publisher, | page range.
Athens, R. A., 1986: Geographic Implications of War. Living in Ancient Times, P. S. Rome, Ed., Amer. Meteor. Soc., 636–656.
Surname and initials of author(s), | year, | title of paper, | title of journal (italicized), | volume, | issue or citation number, | page range, | DOI (if available).
Daniel, A. B., and Coauthors, 2022: How to begin a new year. J. Climate, 19, 2144–2161, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI3760.1.
Kastina, B., Kaduna, J. Kebbi, S.-K. Obama, J. J. Abia, M. Fiorino, and Israel G. L., 2020: Our Collective Responsibility in Nation Building. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 83, 1631–1643, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-83-11-1631.
Journal (taken online):
NOAA, 2015: Elusive El Niño arrives Accessed 12 March 2015, http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2015/20150305-noaa-advisory-elnino-arrives.html.
Autors/producers, | release year: | Title, | Version. | Data archive/distributor, | access date (DD Month YYYY), | locator/identifier (doi or URL).
Washington, R., 1900: IPCC Working Group I AR5 snapshot: The rcp85 experiment. DKRZ World Data Center for Climate, accessed 14 October 2016, https://doi.org/10.1594/WDCC/ETHR8.
Surname and initials of author(s), | year: | title: | indicate if it is a preprint, proceeding or extended abstract, before 2002 | name of conference | volume | city and state/country | name of sponsor | page(s) | URL or DOI (if given).
For Example:
Idowu, A. O., 2007: The impact of an earthquake-generated tsunami on the earth-atmosphere system: Year 2004 Indian Ocean case history example. 21st Conf. on Hydrology, San Antonio, TX, Amer. Meteor. Soc., JP1.1, https://ams.confex.com/ams/87ANNUAL/techprogram/paper_117648.htm.
Surname and initials of author(s), | year: | title. | Dissertation/thesis, | Thesis Department (required only if M.S. thesis), | University, | page(s), | URL, if available
Kuwait, P., 1988: The saline flow into the Atlantic. M.S. thesis, Dept. of Sea Studies, The Afghanistan State University, 207 pp.
Surname and initials of author(s): | year: | title of report/note/memo. | Name and number of report/note/memo | page(s), | URL or DOI, if available
Abuja, W. C., and Coauthors, 2008: A description of the Advanced Research WRF version 3. NCAR Tech. Note NCAR/TN-475+STR, 113 pp, https://doi.org/10.5065/D68S4MVH.
Surname and initials of author(s); / organization, | year: | name of document. | Organisation/publisher (if not done by the author), | date accessed, | URL or DOI
NOAA, 2015: Elusive El Niño arrives. Accessed 12 March 2015, http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2015/20150305-noaa-advisory-elnino-arrives.html.
See also:
A Quick and Complete Guide to Oxford Referencing
A Quick Guide to Harvard Referencing
A Quick Guide to Vancouver Referencing
A Quick Guide to MLA (8th edition) Referencing
A Quick Guide to IEEE Referencing in Microsoft Word
A Quick Guide To IEEE Referencing
A Quick Guide To APA 7 Referencing
A Quick Guide To American Meteorological Society (AMS) Style Referencing
A Quick And Complete Guide To Chicago Referencing
A Quick Guide To MHRA Referencing
A Quick Guide To OSCOLA Referencing
No comments added
Your one-stop website for academic resources, tutoring, writing, editing, study abroad application, cv writing & proofreading needs.